{"id":10983,"date":"2024-05-13T07:23:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T07:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.adtechamm.com\/?p=10983"},"modified":"2024-12-24T01:43:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T01:43:03","slug":"damage-mechanism-of-refractory-materials-for-aluminum-alloys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adtechamm.com\/id\/damage-mechanism-of-refractory-materials-for-aluminum-alloys\/","title":{"rendered":"Mekanisme kerusakan bahan tahan api untuk paduan aluminium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Titik leleh aluminium adalah 660\u00b0C, dan suhu aluminium cair berkisar antara 700\u2013800\u00b0C. Viskositas aluminium murni yang meleleh pada suhu 750\u00b0C adalah 0,104 Pa\u00b7s, yang sangat mendekati viskositas air pada suhu 20\u00b0C, yaitu 0,1 Pa\u00b7s, dan memiliki permeabilitas yang sangat tinggi. Pada suhu tinggi, aluminium mudah bereaksi dengan lapisan tahan api. Reaksi ini disertai dengan perubahan volume, yang menyebabkan perubahan struktur bahan tahan api, mengubah sifat kimia dan fisik bahan tersebut, serta menyebabkan kerusakan pada bahan tahan api. Pembasahan aluminium cair dan bahan tahan api merupakan prasyarat untuk terjadinya reaksi kimia. Oleh karena itu, persyaratan kinerja khusus untuk bahan tahan api yang digunakan pada paduan aluminium mencakup ketahanan terhadap erosi dan permeabilitas aluminium cair, serta sifat tidak basah oleh aluminium cair.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mode operasi yang tidak terus-menerus pada proses peleburan dan pemurnian paduan aluminium menjadi penyebab terjadinya kerusakan pada bahan tahan api sebagai berikut:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1. Reaksi kimia permukaan: Reaksi kimia permukaan sering kali disertai dengan perubahan volume, yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktural, pengelupasan, dan erosi pada bahan tahan api, sehingga lapisan pelapis menjadi semakin tipis secara bertahap<\/h2>\n<p><strong>4Al + 3SiO\u2082 = 2Al\u2082O\u2083 + 3Si; \u0394V = -351 TP\u2083T (1.1)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2Al + Fe\u2082O\u2083 = Al\u2082O\u2083 + 2Fe (1.2)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>SiO\u2082 + 2Mg = 2MgO + Si; \u0394V = -571 TP3T (1.3)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2SiO\u2082 + Mg + 2Al = MgAl\u2082O\u2084 + 2Si; \u0394V = -251 TP\u2083T (1.4)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3(3Al\u2082O\u2083\u00b72SiO\u2082) + 4Al = 12Al\u2082O\u2083 + 6Si \u0394V = -181 TP3T (1.5)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3TiO\u2082 + 4Al = 2Al\u2082O\u2083 + 3Ti; \u0394V = +111 TP\u2083T (1.6)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3Mg + 4Al\u2082O\u2083 = 3MgAl\u2082O\u2084 + 2Al \u0394V = +17% (1.7)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3Mg + Al\u2082O\u2083 = 3MgO + 2Al (1.8)<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>2. Reaksi kimia mendalam<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Unsur-unsur paduan seperti Mg (titik didih 1107\u00b0C) dan unsur-unsur bertekanan uap tinggi lainnya dengan mudah menembus jauh ke dalam material melalui pori-pori bahan tahan api, dan mengalami reaksi-reaksi berikut, yang menyebabkan bahan tahan api mengembang dan menjadi longgar, sehingga menimbulkan retakan dan semakin mempercepat degradasi bahan tahan api oleh lelehan paduan aluminium. Penetrasi dan erosi. 2Mg(g)+O\u2082 = 2MgO, 3Mg(g)+Al\u2082O\u2083 = 3MgO+2Al<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>3. Penetrasi fisik<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Metode kerjanya sebagian besar bersifat intermiten. Setelah logam cair paduan aluminium berviskositas rendah meresap ke dalam pori-pori bahan tahan api, bahan tahan api tersebut akan terus mengembang dan menyusut seiring dengan terjadinya pendinginan dan pemanasan yang cepat pada lapisan dalam selama siklus pemanasan, isolasi, pendinginan, dan siklus lainnya, yang pada akhirnya akan menyebabkan bahan tahan api tersebut terkelupas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>4. Kerusakan mekanis<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Al\u2082O\u2083 mudah terbentuk di antarmuka tiga fasa gas-cair-padat yang terbentuk oleh udara, logam cair paduan aluminium, dan bahan tahan api, sehingga membentuk gumpalan korundum. Gumpalan korundum tersebut terikat erat dengan lapisan dalam tungku. Apabila dihilangkan dengan metode mekanis, fluks, atau manual, hal ini akan menyebabkan kerusakan pada struktur lapisan tungku hingga tingkat tertentu.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The melting point of aluminum is 660\u00b0C, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700~800\u00b0C. The viscosity of the pure aluminum melt at 750\u00b0C is 0.104Pa\u00b7s, which is very close to the viscosity of water at 20\u00b0C, 0.1Pa\u00b7s, and has extremely strong Permeability. At&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[52],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Damage mechanism of refractory materials for aluminum alloys<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The melting point of aluminum is 660\u00b0C, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700~800\u00b0C. 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