{"id":10983,"date":"2024-05-13T07:23:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T07:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.adtechamm.com\/?p=10983"},"modified":"2024-12-24T01:43:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T01:43:03","slug":"damage-mechanism-of-refractory-materials-for-aluminum-alloys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adtechamm.com\/es\/damage-mechanism-of-refractory-materials-for-aluminum-alloys\/","title":{"rendered":"Mecanismo de deterioro de los materiales refractarios para aleaciones de aluminio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>El punto de fusi\u00f3n del aluminio es de 660 \u00b0C, y la temperatura del aluminio fundido oscila entre 700 y 800 \u00b0C. La viscosidad del aluminio fundido puro a 750 \u00b0C es de 0,104 Pa\u00b7s, lo que se aproxima mucho a la viscosidad del agua a 20 \u00b0C, que es de 0,1 Pa\u00b7s, y presenta una permeabilidad extremadamente elevada. A altas temperaturas, reacciona f\u00e1cilmente con el revestimiento refractario. Esto va acompa\u00f1ado de cambios de volumen, lo que provoca que la estructura del material refractario se altere, modificando sus propiedades qu\u00edmicas y f\u00edsicas y causando da\u00f1os al material refractario. La humectaci\u00f3n del aluminio fundido y los materiales refractarios es un requisito previo para que se produzca la reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica. Por lo tanto, los requisitos de rendimiento espec\u00edficos de los materiales refractarios para aleaciones de aluminio incluyen la resistencia a la erosi\u00f3n y a la permeabilidad del aluminio l\u00edquido, as\u00ed como la falta de humectaci\u00f3n por parte del aluminio l\u00edquido.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>El modo de funcionamiento intermitente de la fundici\u00f3n y purificaci\u00f3n de aleaciones de aluminio determina las siguientes formas de deterioro de los materiales refractarios:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1. Reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica superficial: La reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica superficial suele ir acompa\u00f1ada de cambios de volumen, lo que puede provocar da\u00f1os estructurales, desprendimientos y erosi\u00f3n de los materiales refractarios, lo que hace que la capa de revestimiento se vaya adelgazando progresivamente.<\/h2>\n<p><strong>4Al + 3SiO\u2082 = 2Al\u2082O\u2083 + 3Si; \u0394V = -351 TP3T (1.1)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2Al + Fe\u2082O\u2083 = Al\u2082O\u2083 + 2Fe (1.2)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>SiO\u2082 + 2Mg = 2MgO + Si; \u0394V = -571 TP3T (1.3)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2SiO\u2082 + Mg + 2Al = MgAl\u2082O\u2084 + 2Si; \u0394V = -251 TP3T (1.4)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3(3Al\u2082O\u2083\u00b72SiO\u2082) + 4Al = 12Al\u2082O\u2083 + 6Si \u0394V = -181 TP3T (1.5)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3TiO\u2082 + 4Al = 2Al\u2082O\u2083 + 3Ti; \u0394V = +111 TP3T (1.6)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3Mg + 4Al\u2082O\u2083 = 3MgAl\u2082O\u2084 + 2Al \u0394V = +171 TP3T (1.7)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3Mg + Al\u2082O\u2083 = 3MgO + 2Al (1.8)<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>2. Reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica profunda<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Los elementos de aleaci\u00f3n, como el Mg (punto de ebullici\u00f3n: 1107 \u00b0C) y otros elementos de alta presi\u00f3n de vapor penetran f\u00e1cilmente en profundidad en el material a trav\u00e9s de los poros del material refractario y sufren las siguientes reacciones, lo que provoca que el material refractario se expanda y se afloje, causando grietas y acelerando a\u00fan m\u00e1s la degradaci\u00f3n del material refractario por parte de la aleaci\u00f3n de aluminio fundida. Penetraci\u00f3n y erosi\u00f3n. 2Mg(g) + O\u2082 = 2MgO, 3Mg(g) + Al\u2082O\u2083 = 3MgO + 2Al<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>3. Penetraci\u00f3n f\u00edsica<\/h2>\n<p><strong>El m\u00e9todo de funcionamiento es, en su mayor parte, intermitente. Una vez que la aleaci\u00f3n de aluminio fundida de baja viscosidad penetra en los poros del material refractario, este seguir\u00e1 expandi\u00e9ndose y contray\u00e9ndose a medida que el revestimiento se enfr\u00ede y se caliente r\u00e1pidamente durante los ciclos de calentamiento, aislamiento, enfriamiento y otros, lo que acabar\u00e1 provocando que el material refractario se desprenda.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>4. Da\u00f1os mec\u00e1nicos<\/h2>\n<p><strong>El Al\u2082O\u2083 se genera f\u00e1cilmente en la interfaz trif\u00e1sica gas-l\u00edquido-s\u00f3lido formada por el aire, la aleaci\u00f3n de aluminio fundida y los materiales refractarios, dando lugar a n\u00f3dulos de corind\u00f3n. El n\u00f3dulo de corind\u00f3n est\u00e1 estrechamente adherido al revestimiento del horno. Cuando se retira mediante m\u00e9todos mec\u00e1nicos, con fundente o manualmente, provoca un cierto grado de da\u00f1o en la estructura del revestimiento del horno.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The melting point of aluminum is 660\u00b0C, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700~800\u00b0C. The viscosity of the pure aluminum melt at 750\u00b0C is 0.104Pa\u00b7s, which is very close to the viscosity of water at 20\u00b0C, 0.1Pa\u00b7s, and has extremely strong Permeability. At&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[52],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Damage mechanism of refractory materials for aluminum alloys<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The melting point of aluminum is 660\u00b0C, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700~800\u00b0C. 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